Disorders
of the body's balance (vestibular) system in the inner ear due to a
tremendous range of conditions including vertigo, Meniere's
disease, acoustic neuroma, multiple sclerosis, syphilis,
trauma, ear infections, medications toxic to
the ear (ototoxic drugs), epilepsy (seizure disorders),
etc.
Diagnosis is by neurological tests, including
Electronystagmography (ENG), in which the patient's
response to movement requests and questions about spacial positioning
are observed. It can sometimes be confirmed by imaging or directly
viewing inner ear structures or brain function. Treatment depends on
the cause of the disorder, but may include medication, surgery,
physical therapy, occupational therapy (particularly sensory
integration therapy), or lifestyle adjustments.
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