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Definition of Vaccination, Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB)
Vaccination, Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) definition - medical term
Immunization designed to prevent diseases caused by Haemophilus
influenzae type B (HIB), a bacteria responsible for a range of
serious "invasive" diseases including meningitis with potential brain
damage and epiglottitis with airway obstruction.
More than 90% of all HIB infections occur in children 5 years of
age or less; the peak attack rate is at 6-12 months of age.
The HIB vaccine is usually given at 2, 4 and 6 months of age and a
final booster is given at 12-15 months of age. HIB vaccine rarely
causes severe reactions. The HIB vaccine has almost eradicated the
disease. Before the vaccine, some 20,000 cases of HIB invasive
disease in preschool children were reported every year in the U.S.
compared to less than 300 cases after the advent of the vaccine.
The HIB vaccine is a "conjugate" vaccine. It joins ("conjugates")
sugars from the HIB bacteria with a protein from another bacteria.
The protein stimulates the baby's immature immune cells so they
produce antibodies to the HIB sugars, protecting the child from HIB
infection.
The prestigious Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research
was given in 1996 to David H. Smith, Porter W. Anderson Jr., John B.
Robbins and Rachel Schneerson for their work in developing a vaccine
against Haemophilus influenzae type B.
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