A neurological syndrome characterized by repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements caused by the long-term use of certain drugs called neuroleptics used for psychiatric, gastrointestinal and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Features may include grimacing, tongue protrusion, lip smacking, puckering and pursing, and rapid eye blinking. Rapid movements of the arms, legs, and trunk may also occur. Impaired movements of the fingers may appear as though the patient is playing an invisible guitar or piano. The incidence of the syndrome rises with the dose and duration of drug treatment. The treatment of tardive dyskinesis is usually to stop or minimize the use of the offending drug. However, for some patients with a severe underlying condition this may not be a feasible option. Replacing the offending drug with substitute drugs may help. Other drugs such as benzodiazepines, adrenergic antagonists, and dopamine agonists may also be beneficial. In an individual case, the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia may remain long after discontinuation of the offending drug or the symptoms may improve or disappear with time.
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