A dermatologic disorder characterized by hardening and thickening of the skin, typically over the face, neck, upper back, and shoulders or other areas of skin, but not over the hands or feet. Scleredema comes from scler- (hard) + edema (swelling). Scleredema should not be confused with scleroderma which is a distinct and different disease.
The majority (about two-thirds) of cases of scleredema occur in people with diabetes, usually long-standing difficult-to-control diabetes, mainly men (10 men to each woman), and tend to progess slowly. A minority (about a quarter) of cases of scleredema occur after an infection (often a strep throat) in younger people, females more often than males, and may involve other organs (tongue, esophagus, heart) aside from the skin. About half of these cases resolve spontaneously within 2 years.
Scleredema is also called Buschke's scleredema or Buschke disease, after the German dermatologist Abraham Buschke (1868-1943) who described it (and died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp). The disease is also called scleredema adultorum (although it can occur in children, too).
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