Vaccine against poliomyelitis
named for Dr. Jonas Salk who developed and introduced it in 1955. It
was the first type of polio vaccine to become available. It was made
by cultivating three strains of the virus separately in monkey
tissue. The virus was separated from the tissue, stored for a week,
and killed with formaldehyde. This killed-virus vaccine was given by
injection and required 4 "shots." The oral form of the vaccine,
subsequently developed by Dr. Albert Sabin, is in standard use today
since it is easier to administer and is more effective than the Salk
vaccine. The Salk vaccine is now exclusively of historic
interest.
The American physician and virologist Jonas Salk (1914-1995) did
research on the influenza virus at the University of Michigan and on
poliovirus at the University of Pittsburgh. In 1963 he became the
first director of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies at the
University of California, San Diego.
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