A distinctive
syndrome of headaches, also known as cluster headache or
migrainous neuralgia. The common pattern of cluster
headache is termed "episodic" and is characterized by 1-3
short attacks of pain each day around the eyes, clustered
over a stretch of 1-2 months, followed by a pain-free
breathing period (average: a year). The other main pattern
of cluster headache is termed "chronic" (and is also known
as chronic migrainous neuralgia). It may come out of the
blue or emerge several years after an episodic pattern. It
is characterized by the absence of sustained periods of
remission. The episodic and acute forms of cluster headache
may transform into the other, so it is clear that they are
merely different-appearing patterns of one and the same
disease.
On the other hand, cluster headache looks
different and distinct from migraine-for example,
propranolol is effective for migraine but not cluster
headache while lithium benefits cluster headache syndrome
but not migraine-although the mechanisms underlying cluster
headache and migraine may have a degree of commonality.
Cluster headache has gone by a bevy of other names
including sphenopalatine neuralgia, ciliary neuralgia,
vidian neuralgia, erythroprosopalgia and histamine
cephalalgia.
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