A severe form of epilepsy that is c haracterized by the
onset in early childhood of frequent seizures of multiple types, developmental delay,
a particular brain wave pattern (a slow spike-and-wave pattern), and behavioral
disturbances with poor social skills and attention-seeking behavior. The types of
seizures may include tonic (stiffening of the body, upward deviation of the eyes,
dilation of the pupils, and altered respiratory patterns), atonic (brief loss of
muscle tone and consciousness, causing abrupt falls), atypical absence (staring
spells), and myoclonic (sudden muscle jerks). The seizures in this syndrome are
notoriously hard to treat and may lead to falls and injuries. The seizures can be
reduced in frequency by treatment with lamotrigine, a chemically novel antiepileptic
drug. The prognosis (outlook) varies. There is no cure for the disorder. Complete
recovery including freedom from seizures and normal development is very unusual.
Also known as the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome for W.G. Lennox and H. Gastaut who
described it.
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