Laparoscopic cholecystectomy definition - medical term
Removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy)
by laparoscopy.
L aparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed through several small incisions. The
laparoscope, a small thin tube, is put into the abdomen through a tiny cut made
just below the navel. The surgeon can then see the gallbladder on a TV monitor and
do the surgery with tools inserted in three other small cuts made in the right upper
part of the abdomen. The gallbladder is then taken out through one of the incisions.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy permits a shorter hospital stay and shorter recovery
time with less pain. Possible complications may include bleeding, infection and
injury to the bile duct, intestines or major blood vessels.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy provides a safe and effective treatment for most
patients with symptomatic gallstones and has become the treatment of choice for
many patients. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy decreases pain and disability without
increasing mortality or overall morbidity. Although the rate of common bile duct
injury appears increased, this rate is still sufficiently small to justify the use
of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of symptomatic gallstones. The
cost of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is equal to or slightly less than that of open
cholecystectomy. The outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is influenced greatly
by the training, experience, skill, and judgment of the surgeon. During laparoscopic
cholecystectomy, when the anatomy is obscured, excessive bleeding occurs, or other
problems arise, the operation should be converted promptly to open cholecystectomy.
See also: Open cholecystectomy.
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