< b>Lamarckism: The theory of acquired characteristics put forth by Jean-Baptiste
P.A. Lamarck (1744-1829), a French botanist, zoologist and biological philosopher.
According to Lamarck, evolution occurs because organisms can inherit traits acquired
by their ancestors. Giraffes can only survive by eating leaves high up on trees
so they stretch their necks to reach the leaves and this stretching of the neck
is passed on to later generations.
The basic tenet of Lamarckism has been rejected. Darwinism (the theory of the
origin of species and the development of higher organisms from lower forms through
natural selection, the survival of the fittest, and the evolution of humans from
an ancestor common to himself and the apes) has prevailed, together with the principles
of transmission genetics.
Lysenkoism was a 20th-century Soviet version of Lamarckism.
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