A joint is the area where two bones are atta ched for the purpose
of motion of body parts. A joint is usually formed of fibrous connective tissue
and cartilage. An articulation or an arthrosis is the same as a joint.
Joints are grouped according to their motion: a ball and socket joint; a hinge
joint; a condyloid joint (a joint that permits all forms of angular movement except
axial rotation); a pivot joint; gliding joint; and a saddle joint.
Joints can move in four and only four ways:
Gliding -- one bony surface glides on another without angular or
rotatory movement;
Angular -- occurs only between long bones, increasing or decreasing
the angle between the bones;
Circumduction -- occurs in joints composed of the head of a bone
and an articular cavity, the long bone describing a series of circles, the whole
forming a cone; and
Rotation -- a bone moves about a central axis without moving from
this axis.
The word "joint" comes from the Latin "junctio" meaning a joining (as in a junction).
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