A pump for delivering insulin in order to achieve tight
blood sugar control and lifestyle flexibility while minimizing the effects of low
blood sugar (hypoglycemia). The pump is composed of a pump reservoir similar to
that of an insulin cartridge, a battery-operated pump, and a computer chip that
allows the user to control the exact amount of insulin being delivered. The pump
is attached to a thin plastic tube (an infusion set) that has a soft cannula (or
needle) at the end through which insulin passes. This cannula is inserted under
the skin, usually on the abdomen. The cannula is changed every 2 days. The tubing
can be disconnected from the pump while showering or swimming. The pump is used
for continuous insulin delivery, 24 hours a day. The amount of insulin is programmed
and is administered at a constant rate (basal rate). Often, the amount of insulin
needed over the course of 24 hours varies depending on factors like exercise, activity
level, and sleep. The insulin pump allows for the user to program many different
basal rates to allow for this variation in lifestyle. In addition, the user can
program the pump to deliver a "bolus" during meals to cover the excess demands of
carbohydrate ingestion. The pump is currently the closest device on the market to
an artificial pancreas.
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