In embryonic life, the gonad in males
and
females is initially identical. This gonad is said to be
"indifferent" before it differentiates into a definitive testis or
ovary. An indifferent gonad becomes a testis if the embryo has a Y
chromosome, but if the embryo has no Y chromosome, the indifferent
gonad becomes an ovary. Thus, an XY chromosome complement leads to
testes while an XX chromosome complement leads to ovaries. People
with just one X chromosome and no Y are females with Turner syndrome,
and are infertile. The absence of a Y chromosome permits the
indifferent gonad to become an ovary, but both X chromosomes are
needed for the ovary to function normally.
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