Hepatitis B virus. A virus which primarily causes inflammation of
the liver. The hepatitis B virus can be transmitted in several ways including blood
transfusion, needle sticks, body piercing and tattooing using unsterile instruments,
dialysis, sexual and even less intimate close contact, and childbirth. Symptoms
include fatigue, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, dark urine, and light stools. Diagnosis
is by blood test(s).
T reatment is with anti-viral drugs and/or hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG).
Chronic hepatitis B may be treated with interferon. Healthcare workers accidentally
exposed to materials infected with hepatitis B and individuals with known sexual
contact with hepatitis B patients are usually given both HBIG and the hepatitis
B vaccine to provide both immediate and long-term protection. HBV infection can
be prevented by the hepatitis B vaccine, and by avoiding activities that could lead
to contracting the virus.
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