All of the genetic information contained in the
chromosome of the mitochondrion, a structure located in the cytoplasm outside the
nucleus of the cell. The nucleus houses the better known chromosomal genome, our
complement of chromosomes.
T he mitochondrial genome consists of mitochondrial DNA (abbreviation: mtDNA).
Mitochondrial DNA has several unusual features. It is a circular molecule, unlike
the linear molecule of DNA in a nuclear chromosome, and it has a far more limited
repertory of genes than nuclear DNA. And, last but not least remarkable, mitochondrial
DNA (mDNA) is transmitted to the offspring only by the mother. (The sperm has no
mitochondria.) By contrast, the chromosomes in the nucleus are transmitted in equal
part by both parents to the child.
Together, the mitochondrial genome and the nuclear chromosomal genome constitute
the entire human genome.
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