The scientific study of heredity. Genetics pertains to humans
and all other organisms. So, for example, there is human genetics, mouse genetics,
fruitfly genetics, etc.
H uman genetics today comprises a number of overlapping fields, including:
Classical or formal genetics -- the study of the transmission of single
genes within families and the analysis of more complex types of inheritance.
Clinical genetics -- the diagnosis, prognosis and, in some cases, the treatment
of genetic diseases.
Genetic counseling -- an important area within clinical genetics involving
the diagnosis, risk assessment, and interpersonal communication.
Cytogenetics -- the study of chromosomes in health and disease.
Biochemical genetics -- the biochemistry of nucleic acids and proteins including
enzymes.
Pharmacogenetics -- how genes govern the absorption, metabolism and disposal
of drugs and untoward reactions to them.
Molecular genetics -- the molecular study of genetics including particularly
DNA and RNA.
Immunogenetics -- the genetics of the immune system including blood groups,
HLA, and the immunoglobulins.
Behavioral genetics -- the study of genetic factors in behavior in health
and disease including mental retardation and mental illness.
Population genetics -- the study of genes within populations including gene
frequencies, the gene pool, and evolution.
Reproductive genetics -- the genetics of reproduction including genes and
chromosomes in germ cells and the early embryo.
Developmental genetics -- the genetics of normal and abnormal development
including congenital malformations (birth defects).
Ecogenetics -- the interaction of genetics with the environment.
Forensic genetics -- the application of genetic knowledge, including DNA,
to legal matters.
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