The ability of genes to change position on chromosomes,
a process in which a transposable element is removed from one site and inserted
into a second site in the DNA. Genetic transposition was the first type of genetic
instability to be discovered.
T his remarkable phenomenon was discovered by the great American geneticist Barbara
McClintock (1902-1992) who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for
her discovery of mobile genetic elements." McClintock did her pioneering research
in a plant (maize) decades earlier, at a time when the genetic code and the structure
of the DNA double helix were not yet known. This type of element has now been found
in microorganisms, insects, animals and man and has been demonstrated to have important
functions.
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