An extra copy of a gene. Gene duplication is a key mechanism
in evolution. Once a gene is duplicated, the identical genes can undergo changes
and diverge to create two different genes.
A duplication is the opposite of a deletion.
Duplications typically arise from an event termed unequal crossing-over (recombination)
that occurs between misaligned homologous chromosomes during meiosis (germ cell
formation). The chance of this event happening is a function of the degree of sharing
of repetitive elements between two chromosomes. The recombination products of such
an event are a duplication at the site of the exchange and a reciprocal deletion.
A remarkable class of duplications in which the duplicated region has popped
up far away from home base has also been discovered.
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