< b>Fetal pleural effusion: In the fetus, excess fluid between the two membranes
(the pleurae) that envelop the lungs. The pleural effusion may be unilateral (in
one lung) or bilateral (in both lungs) and it may be an isolated finding in an otherwise
normal fetus or be associated with generalized edema (hydrops). If untreated, fetal
pleural effusion often causes severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory insufficiency
in the neonatal period. Treatment is by the prenatal insertion of a thoracoamniotic
shunt (to shunt the pleural effusion into the amniotic fluid). Survival after this
procedure is over 90% in fetuses with isolated pleural effusion and about 50% in
those with associated hydrops.
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