The family structure and relationships within the family,
including information about diseases in family members.
T he family history is often recorded in a family pedigree (family tree), which
uses conventional symbols. The pedigree provides a ready view of problems or illnesses
within the family and facilitates analysis of inheritance patterns. Study of a trait
or disease begins with the affected person (the index case). The pedigree is drawn
as the relatives are described. One begins with the siblings of the proband and
proceeds to the parents; relatives of the parents, including brothers, sisters,
nephews, and nieces; grandparents; and so on. At least 3 generations are usually
included. Illnesses, hospitalizations, causes of death, miscarriages, abortions,
congenital anomalies, and any other unusual features are recorded.
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