Parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm
Echinococcus. There are three forms of Echinococcus that affect humans -- E. (Echinococcus)
granulosus, E. multilocularis, and E. vogeli -- and each has a different geographic
distribution and tends to cause a different pattern of disease.
E. granulosus is common in areas where livestock is raised in association with
dogs -- in Australia and New Zealand, Argentina and Chile, Africa, E. Europe, the
Middle East, and the Mediterranean region, especially Lebanon and Greece -- and
causes unilocular cysts.
E. multilocularis is found in Alpine, sub-Arctic, or Arctic regions -- including
Canada, the United States, and central and northern Europe and Asia -- and causes
multilocular lung disease known as alveolar hydatid disease (AHD).
E. vogeli is found only in Central and South America and causes polycystic hydatid
disease.
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