There are three sections of the ear.
They
are the external ear, the
middle ear, and the inner ear. The middle ear consists
of the ear drum (the tympanum
or tympanic membrane) and, beyond it, a
cavity. This cavity is
connected via a canal (the Eustachian tube) to the pharynx (the
nasopharynx). The Eustachian tube permits the gas pressure in the middle ear
cavity to adjust to external air pressure (so, as you're descending in a plane,
it's the Eustachian tube that opens when your ears "open").) The middle ear
cavity also contains a chain of 3 little bones (ossicles) that connect the ear
drum to the internal ear. The ossicles are
named (not the
Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria but) the malleus,
incus, and stapes. In
terms of function, the middle ear communicates with the
pharynx,
equilibrates with external pressure and transmits the ear
drum vibrations to
the inner ear.
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