A syndrome due to the dengue virus that tends to
affect children under 10, causing abdominal pain, hemorrhage (bleeding) and circulatory
collapse (shock). Known also as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), it starts abruptly
with high continuous fever and headache plus respiratory and intestinal symptoms
with sore throat, cough, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Shock occurs after
2 to 6 days with sudden collapse, cool clammy extremities, weak thready pulse, and
blueness around the mouth (circumoral cyanosis). There is bleeding with easy bruising,
blood spots in the skin (petechiae), spitting up blood (hematemesis), blood in the
stool (melena), bleeding gums and nosebleeds (epistaxis). Pneumonia and heart inflammation
(myocarditis) may be present. The mortality is appreciable ranging from 6 to 30%.
Most deaths occur in children. Infants under a year of age are especially at risk
of death. It is also called Philippine or Southeast Asian hemorrhagic fever.
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