English naturalist (1809-82), considered the father of
evolution. Darwin voyaged aboard the Beagle to see the wonders of South America.
After his return to England, he proposed a mechanism for evolution -- natural selection.
D arwin noted that successful species produce more offspring in each generation
than are needed to replace the adults who die. Not all offspring survive. Some creatures
or plants struggle to survive. Many things affect an individual's chances of survival,
including its ability to obtain enough food and avoid being killed. Sometimes there
are differences which may make it easier for an individual to survive long enough
to reproduce. The species would thus have changed or evolved to favor traits that
favor survival and reproduction. Darwin called this process "natural selection",
as explained in his book "On the Origin of Species" in 1859.
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