Mainly sugars and starches, together constituting one of
the three principal types of nutrients used as energy sources (calories) by the
body. Carbohydrates can also be defined chemically as neutral compounds of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen.
Carbohydrates come in simple forms such as sugars and in complex forms such as
starches and fiber. The body breaks down most sugars and starches into glucose,
a simple sugar that the body can use to feed its cells. Complex carbohydrates are
derived from plants. Dietary intake of complex carbohydrates can lower blood cholesterol
when they are substituted for saturated fat.
Carbohydrates are classified into mono, di, tri, poly and heterosaccharides.
The smallest carbohydrates are monosaccharides such as glucose whereas polysaccharides
such as starch, cellulose and glycogen can be large and even indeterminate in length.
The energy produced by carbohydrates is 4 calories per gram. Proteins also provide
4 calories per gram. Fats are high-cal; they provide 9 calories per gram.
Etymology: Carbohydrates are called carbohydrates because the carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen they contain are usually in the proportion to form water with
the general formula Cn(H2O)n.
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