The fields of medicine concerned with the maintenance
of health, safety, and performance of those in aviation and space travel. Aerospace
medicine is the sum of aviation medicine and space medicine -- health in flight
both inside and outside the Earth's atmosphere.
A viation medicine is the study of the biological and psychological effects of
aviation. Medically significant aspects of aviation travel include exposure to changing
temperatures, large inertial forces, oxygen deprivation, and air sickness, as well
as pilot fatigue. Aviation medicine is concerned, for instance, with the spread
of disease by air travel and the adverse effects of noise and air pollution.
Space medicine is the study of the biological and psychological effects of space
travel. Medically significant aspects of space travel include weightlessness, strong
inertial forces during liftoff and reentry, radiation exposure, absence of the day
and night, and existence in a closed environment. Space medicine is concerned, for
instance, with osteoporosis caused by weightlessness and the resultant increased
risk of fractures.
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