Condition due to the production of too much growth hormone
by the pituitary gland after the end of adolescence.
When there is secretion of too much growth hormone before the end of adolescence,
gigantism results. People with pituitary gigantism can truly be giants; they can
sometimes end up over 7 or 8 feet in height.
When too much growth hormone is secreted after adolescence, there cannot be an
increase in height but acromegaly ensues. The cardinal manifestations of acromegaly
include thickening of the skin, soft tissues, and bones of the hands and feet. These
effects are insidious and very slowly progressive. Ultimately they cause considerable
disability (aside from the need for larger rings, gloves, and shoes) including hoarseness,
sleep apnea, joint pain, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, insulin resistance,
visual impairment and severe headaches.
Excessive growth hormone secretion may be caused by an adenoma of the pituitary
(a tumor of the pituitary) or by other causes. Treatment is usually possible via
medication or surgery. Inadequate treatment of pituitary gigantism or acromegaly
is associated with increases in deaths from cardiovascular causes, cancer, and other
causes.
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