< b>Acid, amino: One of the 20 building blocks of protein. The sequence of
amino acids in a protein and, hence, the function of that protein are determined
by the genetic code in the DNA.
Amino acids are molecules that (in technical terms) contain a basic amino (NH2)
group, an acidic carboxyl (COOH) group and a side chain attached to an alpha carbon
atom.
The 20 amino acids are alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine,
glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine,
phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine.
The term "amino acids" dates to the middle of the 19th century. The
idea that amino acids are "Bausteine" (building stones) came from the Nobel Prize
winning German biochemist Albrecht Kossel (1853-1927).
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