The eleventh cranial nerve, which emerges from the skull
and receives an additional (accessory) root from the upper part of the spinal cord.
It supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. The sternocleidomastoid
muscle is in the front of the neck and turns the head. The trapezius muscle moves
the scapula (the wingbone), turns the face to the opposite side, and helps pull
the head back. The accessory nerve is so-called because, although it arises in the
brain, it receives an additional (accessory) root from the upper part of the spinal
cord.
D amage to the accessory nerve can be isolated (confined to the accessory nerve)
or it may also involve the ninth and tenth cranial nerves which exit through the
same opening (foramen) from the skull . Accessory neuropathy (nerve disease) can
sometimes occur and recur for unknown reasons. Most patients recover.
Paralysis of the accessory nerve prevents rotation of the head away from that
side and causes drooping of the shoulder.
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