A to Z medical terms definitions (medical terminology dictionary )
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q | |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
Definition of ABO blood group
ABO blood group definition - medical term
The major human blood group system. A person's ABO type
depends upon the presence of absence of two genes --the A and B genes. These genes
are encoded on chromosome 9 (in band 9q34.1). They determine part of the configuration
of the red blood cell surface.
A person can be A, B, AB, or O. If a person has two A genes, their red blood
cells are type A. If a person has two B genes, their red cells are type B. If the
person has one A and one B gene, their red cells are type AB. If the person has
neither the A nor B gene, they are type O.
The situation with antibodies in blood plasma is just the opposite. Someone with
type A red cells has anti-B antibodies (antibodies directed against type B red cells)
in their blood plasma. Someone with type B red cells has anti-A antibodies in plasma.
Someone who is type O has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in plasma. And someone
who is type AB has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in plasma.
It is most important to determine the ABO status of both donor and recipient
in transplants and transfusions by typing and cross-matching. ABO incompatibility
in such procedures can be a disaster.
The first recorded blood transfusion may have taken place in 1492 when Pope Innocent
VIII, laying in a coma, was given the blood of 3 young men. Blood typing and crossmatching
was not done. The pope died, as did the 3 donors.
In 1901 a Viennese pathologist named Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943) published an
article entitled "On Agglutination Phenomena of Normal Human Blood," in which he
observed that, when blood was transfused from one human to another, the body often
clumped the transfused blood cells and rejected the transfusion, sometimes going
in shock. In 1909 Landsteiner classified red blood cells into types A, B, AB and
O and showed that the body rejects transfusions of a different blood type. After
moving to the Rockefeller Institute in New York, Landsteiner received the Nobel
Prize in 1930 for his pioneering research in immunology and blood grouping.
medical
dictionary, online medical dictionary, medical terminology
dictionary, free online medical dictionary, medical
dictionary, online medical dictionary, medical terminology
dictionary, free online medical dictionary, dictionary
medical, dictionary medical online, dictionary medical
terminology, dictionary free medical online, dictionary free
medical, dictionary medical terms, dictionary drug medical
medicine, dictionary health illustrated medical nursing
profession stedmans, dictionary English medical, dictionary
medical online terminology, dictionary encyclopedia medical
online, condition dictionary medical, dictionary medical,
dictionary drug medical, medical dictionary software, cyclopedic
dictionary index medical tabers thumb,
medical dictionary, online medical dictionary, medical
terminology dictionary
