oral defamation, in which someone tells one or more persons an untruth about another,
which untruth will harm the reputation of the person defamed. Slander is a civil
wrong (tort) and can be the basis for a lawsuit. Damages (payoff for worth) for
slander may be limited to actual (special) damages unless there is malicious intent,
since such damages are usually difficult to specify and harder to prove. Some statements,
such as an untrue accusation of having committed a crime, having a loathsome disease
or being unable to perform one's occupation, are treated as slander per se since
the harm and malice are obvious and therefore usually result in general and even
punitive damage recovery by the person harmed. Words spoken over the air on television
or radio are treated as libel (written defamation) and not slander on the theory
that broadcasting reaches a large audience as much as if not more than printed publications.
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