confirmation of a fact by evidence. In a trial, proof is what the trier of the fact
(jury or judge without a jury) needs to become satisfied that there is "a preponderance
of the evidence" in civil (non-criminal) cases and the defendant is guilty "beyond
a reasonable doubt" in criminal prosecutions. However, each alleged fact must be
proved separately, as must all the facts necessary to reach a judgment for the plaintiff
(the person filing a lawsuit) or for the prosecution (the "people" or "state" represented
by the prosecutor). The defendants in both civil suits and criminal trials need
not provide absolute "proof" of non-responsibility in a civil case or innocence
(in a criminal case), since the burden is on the plaintiff or prosecution to prove
their cases (or prove the person guilty).
See also beyond a reasonable doubt preponderance of the evidence
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