the right of all persons to have the same access to the law and courts and to be
treated equally by the law and courts, both in procedures and in the substance of
the law. It is akin to the right to due process of law, but in particular applies
to equal treatment as an element of fundamental fairness. The most famous case on
the subject is Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) in which Chief Justice
Earl Warren, for a unanimous Supreme Court, ruled that "separate but equal" educational
facilities for blacks were inherently unequal and unconstitutional since the segregated
school system did not give all students equal rights under the law. It will also
apply to other inequalities such as differentials in pay for the same work or unequal
taxation. The principle is stated in the 14th Amendment to the Constitution "No
State shall…deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the
laws. "
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