<hardware> /kwer'tee/ (From the top left row of letter keys of
most keyboards) Pertaining to a standard English-language
typewriter keyboard (sometimes called the Sholes keyboard
after its inventor), as opposed to Dvorak or
foreign-language layouts (e.g. "keyboard AZERTY" in
french-speaking countries) or a space-cadet keyboard or APL
keyboard.
The QWERTY layout is a fine example of a fossil. It is
sometimes said that it was designed to slow down the typist,
but this is wrong; it was designed to allow *faster* typing -
under a constraint now long obsolete. In early typewriters,
fast typing using nearby type-bars jammed the mechanism. So
Sholes fiddled the layout to separate the letters of many
common digraphs (he did a far from perfect job, though; "th",
"tr", "ed", and "er", for example, each use two nearby keys).
Also, putting the letters of "typewriter" on one line allowed
it to be typed with particular speed and accuracy for demos.
The jamming problem was essentially solved soon afterward by a
suitable use of springs, but the keyboard layout lives on.
